Application of parametric trend life cycle assessment for investigating the carbon footprint of ammonia as marine fuel

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to determine whether ammonia can genuinely help reduce the carbon footprint of maritime activities. Given this, it was decided investigate life cycle and its impact on environment regarding global warming potential. Methods To achieve this goal, parametric trend assessment applied yield a general reliable observation. The research combined with comprehensive dataset over 2061 bulk carriers eight different production methods: steam methane reforming, photovoltaics, electrolysis via wind, biomass downdraft gasifier, circulating fluidized bed gasifier (CFBG) system, underground coal gasification (UCG) capture storage (CCS), UCG without CCS, 3-step Cu-Cl cycle. In addition, an existing ME-LGI (ME-liquid gas injection) engine selected as propulsion system. Results results from PT-LCA revealed that for estimating marine fuel well-to-wake (WTW) perspective, is mandatory focus well-to-tank (WTT) phase. lowest pathway potential (GWP) eventually most route using in industry. Finally, concludes some formulas, based regression analysis, which serves rapid indications comparing overall thousands equipped engine, carrying methods. Conclusions these routes, has also demonstrated engines be groundbreaking way ships. Additionally, findings showed environmental indicators proposed article have make significant contribution They are anticipated assist stakeholders overcoming discrepancy problem generated by past studies were so dissimilar case scope, boundary data, assumptions they employed far current standards rules. GWP according ship power compared reviewed terms (WTW). Thus, methodology developing provide valuable insight into policy decision-making processes.